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John Adams, Sr. (February 8, 1691 – May 25, 1761) was the father of the second U.S. President, John Adams,〔Harold I. Gullan, ''First fathers: the men who inspired our Presidents'', pp. 1, 7 (John Wiley & Sons, 2004) ISBN 978-0-471-46597-3.〕〔 and grandfather of the sixth President, John Quincy Adams.〔Doug Wead, ''The raising of a president: the mothers and fathers of our nation's leaders'', pp. 1, 6-7, 40-5-6 (Simon and Schuster, 2005). ISBN 978-0-7434-9726-8. Found online at (Google Books ). Accessed February 28, 2011.〕 He was, in turn, a fifth-generation descendant of Henry Adams, who emigrated from Braintree, Essex, in England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in about 1638.〔(Whos Yo Mamma website ).〕〔McCullough, pp. 29-30.〕 He was also descended from John and Priscilla Alden.〔〔Thomas Fleming, ''The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers'', pp. 126-127. (HarperCollins, 2010) ISBN 978-0-06-113913-0. Found online at (Google Books ). Accessed February 28, 2011.〕 Adams worked as a farmer and cobbler (also called a cord-wainer or shoemaker) for most of his life.〔〔McCullough, p. 30.〕 Adams' descendants include many prominent persons in American history, and ''his'' home is a National Park, the Adams National Historical Park.〔Zachary Kent, ''John Adams: Creating a Nation: America's founding fathers'', p. 13 (Enslow Publishers, 2004) ISBN 978-0-7660-2183-9. Found online at (Google books ). Accessed February 28, 2011.〕 Not only was he the father and grandfather of presidents; he also was a first cousin, once removed, of Samuel Adams.〔Bud Hannings, ''American Revolutionary War leaders: a biographical dictionary'', pp. 5-6. (McFarland, 2009) ISBN 978-0-7864-4379-6.〕 ==Career== In 1720, Adams purchased a farm in what is now Quincy, Massachusetts (then called the "north precinct" of Braintree, Massachusetts).〔Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 8.〕〔McCullough, p. 29.〕 The location of his farm, and where his children were born, is now part of Adams National Historical Park.〔 This saltbox house, a simple and common dwelling characterized by its sloping roof,〔McCullough, pp. 31-32.〕 is operated by the National Park Service as the John Adams Birthplace, and is open to the public. On December 19, 1960, the birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark.〔〔Polly M. Rettig and Charles E. Shedd, Jr. (March 5, 1975) (National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: John Adams birthplace ), National Park Service and (Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1974. )〕 The future President lived here with his parents on the farm until 1764, when he married Abigail Smith. It is a few feet from the John Quincy Adams Birthplace. Oddly, his house lay at an angle to the road.〔 Adams was primarily a farmer during the growing season, and also worked as a shoemaker,〔 for which he earned "hard money" as a trade during the winters.〔 He was a freeholder, who owned rather than rented his land.〔 Adams was also a deacon in his church, a lieutenant in the Massachusetts colonial militia, a tax collector, and a selectman of the Town of Braintree (now Quincy).〔〔Edith Gelles, ''Abigail and John: Portrait of a Marriage'', pp. 6-8 (HarperCollins, 2010) ISBN 978-0-06-135412-0. Found online at (Google books ). Accessed February 28, 2011.〕〔McCullough, pp. 52-53, citing John Adams' obituary of his father.〕 He was a Congregationalist (that is, Puritan) deacon.〔 The younger John Adams wrote of the religion his father was so passionate for, "(are ) bearers of freedom, a cause that still had holy urgency." 〔John Adams, 1st Vice President (1789–1797)". From (United States Senate website ). Retrieved 2007-08-01.〕 The future president was first known by reputation as the "dutiful son of Deacon John".〔McCullough, p. 36.〕 As a selectman, or town councilman, he supervised the poor house, schools, and roads.〔〔McCullough, pp. 46, 52-53.〕 His wife forced him to resign as selectman after a "family row" over his taking in a destitute young female.〔McCullough, p. 46.〕 A leading local man, other men would stop by "Deacon John's house" to discuss business or religion.〔McCullough, p. 32.〕 He even received a visit from Punkapaug and Neponset Indian chiefs.〔McCullough, p. 72.〕 Adams attended Harvard College, and sent his eldest son there as well.〔 He did not want his son to be a farmer, but rather, a minister.〔McCullough, pp. 34, 36, 37.〕 In fact, he sold 10 acres of his land to pay for John's proverbial "Harvard education".〔McCullough, p. 35.〕 Although he was a simple man who "never set foot outside of New England,"〔McCullough, p. 23.〕 his son the founding father was proud of his own father, praising him in private correspondence to Benjamin Rush as well as in his public obituary, which he wrote on the back of his father's Will.〔McCullough, pp. 30, 33, 52-53.〕 The president praised his father and paternal ancestors as "independent country gentlemen," who had not gone bankrupt and had never committed fraud.〔McCullough, p. 414.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Adams, Sr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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